US retail sales, labour market data paint upbeat scenario

US retail sales increased by the most in 1-1/2 years in March as households boosted purchases of motor vehicles and a range of other goods, the latest indication that economic growth picked up in the first quarter after a false start.

The economy›s enduring strength was reinforced by other data on Friday showing the number of Americans filing applications for unemployment benefits dropped to the lowest in nearly 50 years last week. Fears of an abrupt slowdown in growth escalated at the turn of the year after a batch of weak economic reports.

They were also exacerbated by a brief inversion of the US Treasury yield curve in late March. But those concerns have dissipated in recent weeks amid fairly upbeat data on trade, inventories and construction spending that have suggested growth last quarter could be better than the moderate pace logged in the final three months of 2018.

A report from the Federal Reserve on Wednesday described economic activity as expanding at a «slight-to-moderate» pace in March and early April. The Fed›s «Beige Book» report of anecdotal information on business activity collected from contacts nationwide showed a «few» of the US central bank›s districts reported «some strengthening.» «The rebound in retail sales underscores that the domestic outlook remains favorable and well-supported by the labour market, and it dispels the misguided concerns that the US economy is slipping into recession,» said Kathy Bostjancic, head of US macro investor services at Oxford Economics in New York.

The Commerce Department said retail sales surged 1.6 per cent in March, the biggest increase since September 2017, after dropping 0.2 per cent in February. Economists polled by Reuters had forecast retail sales accelerating 0.9 per cent last month.

With March›s rebound, retail sales have now erased the plunge in December that put consumer spending and the overall economy on a sharply lower growth trajectory. Retail sales last month were probably lifted by tax refunds, even though they have been smaller than in previous years, following the revamping of the US tax code in January 2018.

Excluding automobiles, gasoline, building materials and food services, retail sales rebounded 1.0 per cent in March after declining 0.3 per cent in February. These so-called core retail sales correspond most closely with the consumer spending component of gross domestic product.

Consumer spending accounts for more than two-thirds of economic activity and is being buoyed by a tightening labour market that is driving up wage growth.

A separate report from the Labour Department on Friday showed initial claims for state unemployment benefits dropped 5,000 to a seasonally adjusted 192,000 for the week ended April 13, the lowest level since September 1969. Claims have now declined for five straight weeks. Economists had forecast claims rising to 205,000 in the latest week.

Though the trend in hiring has slowed, job gains remain above the roughly 100,000 needed per month to keep up with growth in the working-age population. The reports boosted the dollar against a basket of currencies. Stocks on Wall Street were mixed, while US Treasury prices rose. As a result of March›s strong core retail sales, the Atlanta Fed raised its first-quarter GDP estimate by four-tenths of a percentage point to a 2.8 per cent annualized rate. Growth forecasts for the January-March quarter have been upgraded from as low as a 0.5 per cent rate following the recent trade, inventories and construction spending data. The economy grew at a 2.2 per cent pace in the fourth quarter.

Stronger growth in the first quarter will probably not change the view that the economy will slow this year as the stimulus from a $1.5 trillion tax cut package diminishes and the impact of interest rate hikes over the last few years lingers. It also is unlikely to have any impact on monetary policy after the Fed recently suspended its three-year campaign to tighten monetary policy. The central bank dropped projections for any rate hikes this year after increasing borrowing costs four times in 2018.

Key downside risks to US growth are fading from view,» said Allison Nathan, an economist at Goldman Sachs in New York. «While we still think the next Fed move is much more likely to be a hike than a cut, we›ve pushed back our forecast for the next hike from the first quarter to the fourth of next year.» Goldman Sachs has lifted its growth estimate for the second half of 2019 by 25 basis points to 2.5 per cent. Despite the recent wave of relatively strong data, business surveys suggest pockets of weakness persist, especially in manufacturing.

A third report on Thursday from the Philadelphia Fed showed factory activity in the mid-Atlantic region slowed in April and manufacturers were less optimistic about business and labour market conditions over the next six months.

That was corroborated by a fourth report from data firm IHS Markit showing its measure of national factory activity was unchanged near a two-year low in early April, with the survey›s gauge of factory employment dropping to its lowest level since June 2017.

Reuters