South Korea vows to expand legal remedies for adoptees

South Korea's justice minister has pledged to expand access to judicial remedies for victims of state-led abuses, including foreign adoptees whose adoptions were marred by widespread fraud under previous military governments. Using unusually strong language for a senior South Korean official, Justice Minister Jung Sung-ho said the country's past adoptions amounted to "forced child trafficking" and that the government will largely refrain from appealing rulings in cases brought by victims seeking compensation for government wrongdoing. Jung spoke Thursday in a roundtable interview with selected journalists.

Hundreds of Korean adoptees in the West have already requested that their cases be investigated by a fact-finding commission reviewing past human rights violations. The body was relaunched in February after its previous mandate ended in November.

That earlier Truth and Reconciliation Commission concluded that the government bore responsibility for an adoption programme riddled with fraud and malfeasance, driven by efforts to cut welfare costs and carried out by state-authorised private agencies that systematically manipulated children's origins. Some adoptees hope the commission's findings will provide legal grounds for damages lawsuits against the government or their adoption agencies.

But victims of other government abuses recognized by the commission have often been locked in lengthy legal battles after state prosecutors appealed rulings in their favour, citing expired statutes of limitations or deeming the commission's findings inconclusive.

President Lee Jae Myung in October issued an apology over South Korea's past adoption problems. Jung, a close ally of Lee, said the government is willing to expand legal redress and speed compensation for victims of government abuses whose cases have been verified by the truth commission. Under a new law that took effect in February giving those victims a three-year window to sue for damages even after statutes of limitations had expired, Jung's ministry, which represents the government in lawsuits, said last week it plans to withdraw time-limit appeals in more than 800 cases.

Jung said the ministry plans to extend a similar approach to lawsuits by adoptees in the future.

"Once the truth commission firmly establishes the basic facts (regarding the abuses), we intend to cooperate to ensure the process moves swiftly," Jung said.

Some adoptees, including Yooree Kim, who was sent to a French family in 1984 without her biological parents' consent and says she was abused by her adopters, have sought compensation under the state compensation act, which in theory allows victims to pursue claims without lengthy court battles. But while the Justice Ministry technically has four weeks to decide on the requests, it has failed to do so for more than six months, according to the adoptees' lawyer, Choi Jung Kyu.

Jung said he would instruct officials to address the delays but does not see a need for a separate new process to expedite compensation, as called for by some advocates.

South Korea sent thousands of children annually to the United States, Europe and Australia from the 1970s to the early 2000s, peaking at an average of more than 6,000 a year in the 1980s. The country was then ruled by a military government that saw population growth as a major threat to its economic goals and treated adoptions as a way to reduce the number of mouths to feed.

The previous truth commission's findings broadly aligned with prior reporting by The Associated Press. The AP investigations, in collaboration with Frontline (PBS), drew on thousands of documents and dozens of interviews to show how South Korea's government, Western nations and adoption agencies worked in tandem to send about 200,000 Korean children overseas, despite years of evidence that many were procured through corrupt or illegal means.

Jung also discussed efforts to combat trafficking and forced labor at salt farms and other sites and the widespread abuse of migrant workers, which has fueled long-standing criticism of South Korea's exploitation of some of Asia's most vulnerable people.

These issues have gained urgency after the Trump administration last month launched investigations into dozens of countries it accused of failing to curb forced labor.

The move was part of an effort to impose new tariffs and other trade restrictions after the US Supreme Court struck down President Donald Trump's earlier tariffs based on emergency powers. The United States last year also blocked imports from a major South Korean salt farm accused of using slave labour, becoming the first trade partner to take punitive action against a decadeslong problem on salt farms in islands off the country's southwest coast. Jung vowed to step up efforts to "uproot" trafficking and labor abuses, including instructing prosecutors to seek tougher penalties for violations and strengthening oversight of companies employing foreign workers. "We cannot monitor every corner of the private sector, but I think we are capable of supervising these matters more thoroughly than almost any other country," Jung said.