The advantage of India being a ‘Union’ of states
DC Pathak
The writer is a former director of the Intelligence Bureau in India.
A police officer distributes food and protective equipment to a sanitation worker in Amritsar. AFP
This call for a united defence against an ‘invisible’ enemy — whose attacks could neither be ‘pointed’ for their location nor ‘predicted’ —went far beyond even the experience of dos and don’ts that the people faced in a situation of ‘war’ in the past. Corona pandemic illustrated the merit of India being a Union of states whose Constitution had bestowed on the Centre all the residuary powers as well as the exclusive right of strategic decision-making in regard to the protection of national well- being and the safeguarding of national security.
The Centre — symbolising the ‘national resolve’— led the fight against the threat of corona virus and mandated the states on what they would do or not do during the lockdown. The Centre had to decide about the movement of people across the country, define the essential services and the conduct of trade and commerce and determine the role of various institutions in the states. The long and total lockdown ordered by the Centre was ‘like a curfew’ promulgated throughout the length and breadth of the country and implemented without declaration of any national ‘Emergency’.
One weak point of enforcement that surfaced during the lockdown was the handling of the ‘reverse migration’ that saw thousands of workers with their families pouring out on the streets in their desperate bid to reach their home villages, after ‘losing’ their jobs. This part of the responsibility fell on the states who apparently did not read the situation well and ran into some difficulty in dealing with the large humane task of conducting the migrants safely to their destination or putting them in camps — without compromising the ‘social distancing’ norms.
When the states moved after a goading from the Centre, the enormous bureaucracy at their command seemed to be not sure of how to deal with the state’s own people under the lockdown. Interestingly the case of a health worker extending the disinfection spray meant for the roads, to a crowd of stranded migrant labour and their families, brought out two crucial points — one, the worker took a well-intentioned decision at his level but he did not have the benefit of an organised briefing from above and two, somewhere the authorities in India had not completely shed the colonial outlook while dealing with ‘ordinary’ people.
The corona episode tested our senior administrators on the ground or at the helm of the state machinery for their decision-making power that defines leadership. Organising transport, fixing camp accommodation or arranging supply of food as an immediate necessity for stranded citizens seemed to have become a difficult proposition for them in a situation of emergency. Apparently, there was a tendency to leave everything on the shoulders of policemen on the road. Many officials, however, did perform well and this helped ultimately to deal with the large turnout of migrants.
There is a case for India enhancing its role as a Unitary State in the matter of getting people of proven merit to man top positions in administration and the police in the states. What the country also needs — and this a Unitary outlook can provide more easily — is the restoration of the district administration as the hallmark of the ‘steel frame’ that it once was before being steadily eroded after Independence. District is the effective administrative unit closest to where the people lived and it should be put in charge of selected officers of the IAS and IPS who should come under the Centre’s broad oversight for performance evaluation in addition to the control that the state government to which they were allocated, had on them.
The 21-day lockdown implemented with administrative vigour — top down — was the best response the Modi government could produce in a vast populous country like India that was vulnerable to the threat of corona virus traversing across geographical frontiers between China, Europe, US, West Asia and the Indo-Pacific. Considering that the virus molecules were like free floating droplets in the air but also widely berthing on surfaces on touch for certain durations — ready to mutate and multiply on soft human tissue of the respiratory system — the lockdown declaration was in line with scientific logic and had to be ‘enforced’ because of the vast differential of knowledge and literacy existing in India. The Centre was prompt in rushing financial aid to the poor and the needy.
Meanwhile, an illustration of how people disregarded the danger — out of defiance rooted in ignorance — was provided by the Tablighi Jamaat leaders of Delhi who organised a large international Ijtema at Nizamuddin in the midst of the corona crisis when the government had already cancelled all large social events invoking the epidemic disease law.
The long-range impact of the pandemic that has jolted all nations, would be analysed and assessed. For India, three trends can be considered inescapable. First, revival of indigenous economy will catch up but the focus will also be on improving the productivity of our public sector which had not covered itself with glory and also on the health and hospital infrastructure of the country that had remained woefully inadequate. Secondly, a boost for online services from retail to tele-medicine is on the cards as also a transformative upgrade of ‘distance learning’ in the context of our school and university education. The third is the likelihood of people demanding a new level of efficiency from our machinery of governance — they are wiser now about the strengths and inadequacies of the responses of the authorities seen in various parts of the country during this crisis. This will become an important point of judgement for the people.
On the positive side, an undercurrent is already there of the new awareness among Indians that ‘we all must swim or sink together’. Prime Minister Modi’s pro-active handling of a national contingency was timely enough — and this has certainly helped India. What happened elsewhere in the world would create a strong sentiment in the country of seeking ‘safety at home’ and add to the sense of national unity.
