More than 4% of world's population needs assistance; UN aid system 'being tested to its limits.'

The size of the appeal — 25 per cent higher than this year’s — reflects the fact that the total number in need is 65 million more than in 2022, the UN and partner organisations noted.

Needs are "shockingly high,” the UN’s top emergency relief official, Martin Griffiths, said, warning that it was very likely that this year’s emergencies would continue into 2023.

"The needs are going up because we’ve been by smitten by the war in Ukraine, by COVID, by climate,” he said. "I fear that 2023 is going to be an acceleration of all those trends, and that’s why we say … that we hope 2023 will be a year of solidarity, just as 2022 has been a year of suffering.”

Speaking in Geneva at the launch of the Global Humanitarian Overview report 2023, Griffiths described the appeal as a "lifeline” for people on the brink.

He explained that numerous countries had been hit by lethal droughts and floods, from Pakistan to the Horn of Africa. In addition, the war in Ukraine had "turned a part of Europe into a battlefield. More than 100 million people are now displaced worldwide. And all of this on top of the devastation left by the pandemic among the world’s poorest.”

At least "222 million people … will face acute food insecurity in 53 countries by the end of this year,” Griffiths explained.

In 2023, 45 million people in 37 countries risk starvation, according to the Global Humanitarian Overview.

It highlighted that vulnerable communities also face pressure on several fronts including health, as medical providers continue to struggle to recover after COVID-19, and while the mpox and other vector-borne diseases continue, along with outbreaks of Ebola and cholera.

Climate change is also driving up risks and vulnerability, Griffiths said, in line with concerns that by the end of the century, extreme heat could claim as many lives as cancer.

To help communities on the front line of the climate emergency, the UN emergency relief chief maintained that humanitarians should play a bigger role in international climate discussions, in order to secure resilience funding for those in most need.

"In 2023, the humanitarian community I think needs to be a lot more organized and indeed vocal about how to be more transparent about climate promises, be more quick about the decision to disburse, and getting the money that’s promised to the people for whom it’s promised.”

Griffiths said that he expected it to be "very difficult” to achieve the full amount requested from donors both national and private, whose generosity was unable to keep up with growing demands.

This year’s UN-led Global Humanitarian appeal is only 47 per cent funded — a sharp drop from earlier years where funding levels used to reach 60 to 65 per cent, he explained.