China enlists solar panels in war to halt desert sands
- Last updated: September 23, 2025 | 13:40
In arid northern China, dozens of workers prune goji berry bushes that stretch out under the protective shade of thousands of solar panels.
The 1 gigawatt (GW) facility in the northwestern region of Ningxia is part of a network across northern and western China that use the bulk and shade of solar panels to stop and reverse the spread of deserts.
Owner Ningxia Baofeng, a major participant in the coal chemical industry, plans to build 30 GW of solar generation, some of which will be used to stop desertification, according to Liu Yuanguan, the company's vice chairperson.
A similar 1 GW project in nearby Majiatan is already active, he added.
"All of the panels above are like mini umbrellas," Liu said during a tour of the facility organized by the Chinese government.
"They are casting shadows on the plants and soil so there will be less evaporation of moisture."
Roughly a quarter of China is classified as "desertified" and campaigns to contain and reclaim the sands stretch back to the 1970s.
Solar panels installed over the empty, sunbaked deserts are a recent and growing part of the arsenal.
Solar was included in a September revision to the country's flagship "Three Norths" anti-desertification program, which began in 1978 and will run until 2050, although the concept has cropped up in other planning documents going back to 2021.
The standard approach is to use panels to provide shade for desert-hardy seeds and shrubs introduced underneath while barriers around the sites slow wind speeds and stop the sand shifting.
It can take up to five years to get results, according to the Ningxia government.
Projects like Baofeng's remain a tiny portion of the hundreds of gigawatts of solar panels China installs each year, but Beijing has announced plans to rapidly grow the number of projects, which use solar to fight desertification.
The construction of solar panels in deserts also preserves farmland.
In 2023, China issued rules barring solar panels from arable land and state media has criticized the construction of solar panels on prime farmland.
Between 2025 and 2030, China plans to install 253 GW of solar to rehabilitate roughly 7,000 square km (2,700 square miles), about four times the size of Greater London, according to state media citing plans from the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and two other agencies.
By comparison, the United States installed 50 GW of solar last year.
The NDRC did not respond to questions about the plan from the media.
Whether using solar panels or other methods like tree planting, progress is hard-won.
Desertified land was 26.8% of all China last year, down from 27.2% a decade earlier despite massive tree planting programs.
At the Baijitan nature reserve several hours away from Baofeng's site, decades of work has reclaimed about 800 square km.
Completely wiping out deserts is not the goal, according to the site's director Wang Xiaoling, instead they hope to minimise harm.
"It is a protracted war to control the desert," he said.
"We can't say that we can wipe it out completely."
Reuters