A replica model of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan's 16th century carrack Victoria leaves Sevilla. AFP

The expedition that circumnavigated the globe via the oceans for the first time 500 years ago is among the major discoveries by European explorers in the 15th and 16th centuries.

1488: Dias rounds Africa

With the mighty Ottoman Empire holding a monopoly on trade with the Indian subcontinent in the 15th century, Portugal's Prince Henry the Navigator launches a quest to conquer the seas via Africa.

At the time the length of the continent's coastline was unknown.

He calls it the Cape of Storms but Portugal's King John II renames it the Cape of Good Hope.

Dias continues his eastward journey but his exhausted crew eventually forces him to turn back.

1492: Columbus discovers Americas

Italian Christopher Columbus, determined to reach the East via a western route, makes four voyages across the Atlantic between 1492 and 1504, sailing for the Spanish crown.

During the first, he disembarks from his flagship, the Santa Maria, in the Bahamas in October 1492 and then moves on to today's Haiti, which he names Hispaniola.

In another expedition he sets foot on the American mainland for the first time in present-day Venezuela, but is convinced he is in the East Indies.

The Nao Victoria, a perfect replica of the carrack with which Portuguese explorer Magellan made his world tour. AFP

It is only later that Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci realises that the landmass that Colombus discovered is a new continent. It is named America in his honour in 1507.

1498: Da Gama reaches India

Vasco da Gama from Portugal becomes the first European to reach India via Africa, rounding the Cape of Good Hope discovered by Dias just a decade before.

He leaves Lisbon in 1497 and sails around the tip of the continent to reach the coasts of India in 1498.

1500: Cabral discovers Brazil

Portuguese navigator Pedro Alvares Cabral and his fleet of 13 caravels depart from Lisbon in 1500, on a southwest course to benefit from the trade winds, to discover what he calls "Island of the True Cross" and later becomes Brazil.

He then reaches the Indian subcontinent via the Cape of Good Hope, returning to Portugal laden with spices but having lost half of his fleet.

1522: Globe circumnavigated

In 1519 Ferdinand Magellan launches the sea journey that will become the first to round the world, leaving Seville with five ships and 237 men.

They cross the South American strait that will later take Magellan's name and reach calmer waters in an ocean that he names the Pacific.

The fleet pushes on to Philippines, where Magellan is killed by a local's arrow in 1521.

Spaniard Juan Sebastian de Elcano takes over command and completes the circumnavigation. He returns to Spain in 1522 with the last ship, the Victoria, and around 20 survivors.

1534: French reach Canada

In 1534 Frenchman Jacques Cartier sets off on a mission under King Francis I to find a western passage to Asia.

Just weeks later he reaches the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and explores the surrounding territory that he calls Canada, after "kanata", which means village in the local language.

Cartier claims Canada for France and makes two more journeys there, the last in 1542.

Agence France-Presse