Thousands of voices unite in song at traditional choir festival celebrating Estonia's culture
- Last updated: July 7, 2025 | 11:05
The voices of tens of thousands of choir singers rang out in the rain in Estonia this weekend, and a huge crowd of spectators erupted in applause, unfazed by the gloomy weather.
The Song Festival Grounds, a massive outdoor venue in the Estonian capital Tallinn, was filled with spectators Saturday evening despite the downpour, and absolutely packed on Sunday, with even more people attending. The traditional Song and Dance Celebration, which decades ago inspired resistance to Soviet control and was later recognised by the UN's cultural agency, attracted tens of thousands of performers and spectators alike, many in national costume.
The four-day choir-singing and dancing event centres around Estonian folk songs and patriotic anthems and is held roughly every five years. The tradition dates back to the 19th century. In the late 1980s, it inspired the defiant Singing Revolution, helping Estonia and other Baltic nations break free from the Soviet occupation.
To this day, it remains a major point of national pride for a country of about 1.3 million.
This year, tickets to the main event -- a seven-hour concert on Sunday featuring choirs of all ages -- sold out weeks in advance.
Rasmus Puur, a conductor at the song festival and assistant to the artistic director, ascribes the spike in popularity to Estonians longing for a sense of unity in the wake of the global turmoil, especially Russia’s war in Ukraine.
"We want to feel as one today more than six years ago (when the celebration was last held), and we want to feel that we are part of Estonia,” Puur told The Associated Press on Friday.
The theme of the song festival this year is dialects and regional languages, and the repertoire is a mix of folk songs, well-known patriotic anthems that are traditionally sung at these celebrations and new pieces written specifically for the occasion.
The festival’s artistic director, Heli Jürgenson, said ahead of the song festival that although the audience wouldn’t know all the songs -- especially those sung in dialects -- there would be many opportunities to sing along.
The main concert on Sunday night culminated with a song called "My Fatherland is My Love” -- a patriotic song Estonians spontaneously sang at the 1960 festival in protest against the Soviet regime. This anthem was the closing song of song celebrations since 1965, and many described it as the highest emotional point of the event.
This year, a choir of over 19,000 singers performed it, with the spectators singing along and waving Estonian flags. A few other songs followed, with patriotic chants in between, and after the concert was over, the audience spontaneously erupted in more singing.
Jürgenson believes that what drove the tradition more than 150 years ago still drives it today.
"There have been different turning points, there have been a lot of historical twists, but the need for singing, songs and people have remained the same,” she said. "There are certain songs that we always sing, that we want to sing. This is what keeps this tradition going for over 150 years.”
The tradition to hold massive first song-only, then song and dance festivals dates back to the time when Estonia was part of the Russian Empire.
The first song celebration was held in 1869 in the southern city of Tartu. It heralded a period of national awakening for Estonians, when Estonian-language press, theatre and other things emerged, says Elo-Hanna Seljamaa, associate professor at the University of Tartu.
The festivals continued throughout a period of Estonia’s independence between the two world wars and then during the nearly 50 years of Soviet occupation.
The Soviet rulers were into "mass spectacles of all kinds, so in a way it was very logical for the Soviet regime to tap into this tradition and to try to co-opt it,” Seljamaa said in an interview.
Estonians had to sing Soviet propaganda songs in Russian during that time, but they were also able to sing their own songs in their own language, which was both an act of defiance and an act of therapy for them, she said.
At the same time, the complicated logistics of putting together a mass event like that taught Estonians to organize, Seljamaa said, so when the political climate changed in the 1980s, the protest against the Soviet rule naturally came in the form of coming together and singing.
The unity extended beyond Estonia’s borders. During the Singing Revolution, 2 million people in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania joined hands to form a 600-kilometer (370-mile) human chain that protested Soviet occupation of the Baltics with a song.
In 2003, the United Nations’ cultural body, UNESCO, recognized Estonia’s folk song festival and similar events in Latvia and Lithuania for showcasing the "intangible cultural heritage of humanity.”
Marina Nurming recalls attending the Singing Revolution gatherings in the 1980s as a teenager. This year she traveled to Tallinn from Luxembourg, where she currently lives, to take part in the Song and Dance Celebration as a choir singer -- her longtime hobby.
The Singing Revolution is a time "when we sang ourselves free,” she told the media.
Seljamaa says the song and dance celebration may have suffered a drop in popularity in the 1990s, a somewhat difficult time for Estonia as it was emerging as an independent country after the Soviet Union collapsed, but has since bounced back.
There is a tremendous interest in it among young people, she says, and always more performers willing to take part than the venue can fit in, and there are people who had left Estonia to live abroad, but travel back to take part.
Nurming is one example. She is part of the European Choir of Estonians - a singing group that unites Estonians from more than a dozen countries.
This year’s four-day celebration, which started on Thursday, included several stadium dancing performances by over 10,000 dancers from all around the country and a folk music instrument concert.
It culminated over the weekend with the song festival featuring some 32,000 choir singers. That was preceded by a large procession, in which all participants -- singers, dancers, musicians, clad in traditional costumes and waving Estonian flags -- marched from the city centre to the Song Festival Grounds by the Baltic Sea.
Those taking part come from all corners of Estonia, and there are collectives from abroad, as well. It’s a mix of men, women and children, with participants aged from six to 93.
For most, singing and dancing is a hobby on top of their day jobs or studies. But to take part in the celebration, collectives had to go through a rigorous selection process, and months worth of rehearsals.
For Karl Kesküla, an electrical engineer from Estonia’s western island of Saaremaa, this is the first time taking part in the song celebration as a singer -- but he attended it before as a spectator.
"I got the feeling that what they did was really special and almost, like, every person you meet has gone to it or been a part of it at least once. So I just wanted that feeling too,” Kesküla, 30, told the media at the procession on Saturday.
Participants described the celebrations as being an important part of their national identity.
"Estonians are always getting through the hard times through songs, through songs and dances. If it’s hard, we sing together and that brings everything back together and then we forget our troubles,” singer Piret Jakobson said.
"It’s really good with all Estonian people to do the same thing,” said engineer Taavi Pentma, who took part in the dance performances. "So we are, like, breathing in one and the heart is beating (as one).”
Associated Press