Picture used for illustrative purposes only.
Three 107 mm rockets targeted the base on Sunday and a fourth rocket along with rocket tubes was found at the launch point, about 5 kilometres (3 miles) away, the command said in a statement.
The Green Village base was targeted last month in violence between the US military and Iran-backed militants leaving at least one US military service member in Syria with a minor injury.
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The incident triggered a US response that killed two or three militants conducting the attacks.
The Central Command said it was investigating the latest failed attack, which struck at approximately 7:05pm local time in Syria (1605 GMT).
It gave no further details.
US forces first deployed in Syria during the Obama administration's campaign against Islamic State, partnering with a Kurdish-led group called the Syrian Democratic Forces. There are about 900 US troops in Syria, most of them in the east.
Reuters